The English name of the agate is Agate, the Latin word from Greek, the name of the Latin Sicilian Rive Achates, the first place in Italy (the Diophora period) Theophrastus found agate. The word agate comes from the Buddhist scriptures, and the Sanskrit is called "Asma Gapo", which means "horse brain." The term agate is used earlier in China. From the cut section, concentric, corrugated, layered or parallel strips of various colors such as ash, white, red, green, light brown, and light blue can be seen. There is a saying that "a thousand kinds of agates are all kinds of jade". In the gem world, a cryptocrystalline block having concentric layered and irregular strips and a entangled structure is called agate. The chemical composition of agate is mainly SiO2, and often contains trace elements such as iron, manganese and nickel. The crystal form is cryptocrystalline, with granular and fibrous structures. The aggregates are often stalactite, kidney-like, tuberculous, and dense. Agate has a fat or waxy luster, a translucent, shell-like fracture. Hardness 7-7.5, hard and wearable, it has many types, including striped agate, moss agate, water agate, and agate. Agate is one of the jade stones in the natural world with a wide distribution, tough texture, bright color and beautiful decoration.
Agate is very versatile. It can be used as medicinal, gemstone, jade, jewelry, handicraft materials, grinding tools, instrument bearings, etc. Agate is a kind of gem, and the eighth volume of the Jinshi Department records: the horse brain, the name agate. It is light red, like the brain of a horse, so it is called agate beads, which belongs to jade, and heavy treasure. The agate texture is hard and it takes a lot of work. The color is flawless and can be used as a variety of decorations. According to historical records, wearing agate crafts is not only for decoration, but also makes people clear, energetic and efficient. Agate contains: trace elements such as iron, zinc, nickel, chromium, cobalt, manganese, etc., long-term use is good for health.
The Chinese medicine community believes that agate is spicy and non-toxic, and can be used in ophthalmology, and it is very effective in using agate. Medicinal agate crumbs are left by carving gems. Agate is one of the first gem materials that people are familiar with. It has long been regarded as a rare treasure in the world. It is said that it can bring happiness and confidence to the wearer, and is endowed with the kindness of God, and can also ensure their victory and strength. The Shaharia, the earliest resident of the Mesopotamia region of Egypt, seems to be the first to use agate as a token, ring, beaded, stamp and other gemstone art. Their agate crafts made from agate are now stored in New York. In the National Museum of American History. The most exotic agate product is a wine cup with two handles, more than a pint. The appearance of the cup is intricately engraved with the pattern of the gods Bakus. According to historical records, this cup was made for the Roman Emperor Nero, and after many people owned and preserved, it finally became the cup used by the French King's Coronation, which the French considered to be one of the most valuable souvenirs in history. Agate is mainly produced in volcanic rock fissures and cavities, and is also produced in sedimentary rock formations. The world's most famous places of origin are India, Brazil and other places. China's agate production area is widely distributed, almost all provinces, mainly Heilongjiang, Liaoning, Hubei and other regions. The "rain stone" produced by Nanjing Yuhuatai is a kind of agate. The ancient legend agate is made up of so-called "ghost blood", and it is just a legend.
Agate is used by people since ancient times because of its beautiful stripes. In the unearthed jade, a string of agate beads is often used, with many items. There are many records about agate in ancient Chinese books. Before the Han Dynasty, the agate was also called "Qiongyu" or "Red Jade". "Guang Ya" has the saying "agate stone jade" and "玉赤首ç¼". The word agate comes from the Buddhist scriptures. The Sanskrit native name "Asma Gapo" means "agate". It can be seen that after the introduction of Buddhism into China, Qiongyu or Chiqiong was renamed "Agate" in China.
In addition to the chalcedony, the fine minerals that make up the agate sometimes see a small amount of opal or cryptocrystalline particulate quartz. Strictly speaking, there is no characteristic of the strip pattern, it can not be called agate, only called chalcedony. Some of the chalcedony without the pattern on the market today is also called "agate", which is inconsistent with the meaning of ancient agate. Agate is pure white, because other metal elements (such as Fe, Ni, etc.) appear gray, brown, red, blue, green, emerald green, pink green, black and other colors, sometimes several colors appear mixed or appear. The agate block is transparent, translucent and opaque, with a lustrous to waxy finish. The hardness is 6.5 to 7, and the specific gravity is 2.65. Agate has many varieties depending on the thickness and shape of its pattern. Those with a "缟" shape are called "onyx", and those with red stripes are the most precious, called "red onyx". In addition, there are also "band agate", "urban agate", "onyx", "mosquito agate", "japan agate", "zygotic agate", "sauce agate", "cypress agate", "qu Varieties such as onyx and "water agate" (see Li Shizhen's "Compendium of Materia Medica").
In the "chalcedony" without the pattern, there are also many jade raw materials. According to the color, there are "Red Chalcedony", "Green Chalcedony" (also known as Inka Stone), "Green onion", "Blood Chalcedony" (also known as Bloodstone) and "Jasper". Agate, like nephrite, is also a traditional jade in China. There are agate cups and agate beads in jade unearthed from sites such as Nanjing Yinyin Camp. Among the large number of agate beads, one is evil-like and is 1.7 cm long. Gansu Yongjing Dahezhuang Qijia Cultural Site, Shandong Chunnan Dadian Spring and Autumn Tomb and Nanjing Xiangshan Jin Tomb Middle, have also discovered agate beads.
The ancient agate has tributes from the Western Regions, India, Persia, Kang, Japan, and other countries. For example, in the northeast of Fuyu and Yu, the former is located in Siping City, Jilin Province; the latter is a national name, living in the north of Changbai Mountain, Songhua River and the lower reaches of Heilongjiang River. It has been famous for its “Chi Shi†since ancient times (see “Han Han·Yi Yi Chuan†》). In addition, Yuzhou (now Yu County) Jiukong Mountain and Xuanfu (Xuanhua), Sijiao Mountain (see "Tiangong Kaiwu"), Gansu and Ningxia (see "The Museum of History"), Shen'an Prefecture Shenmu and Fugu Area, Shaanxi Province (See "Guangxi Ji"), Chiling Town, Zhangzhou (see "Song History"), Bobai County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (see "Bobai County"), Nanjing Yuhuatai (see "Zhen Play Continued Examination"), etc. All produce agate. Nowadays, Chinese geologists have proven the origin of agate in the northwest, north, northeast, southwest and south China. In ancient and modern China and abroad, because of the large number of agate producing areas, it is not easy to identify the source of jade from the onyx. Such as the famous Tang Dynasty beast head agate cup, the source of its jade is not clear.
There are many kinds of agates, there are mountain agate, there is water agate, then there are many kinds of colors, this is the most precious in red.
1. The interlaced point of the warp and the weft is a structural form of a diagonal line at a certain angle on the surface of the fabric.
2. The characteristics of the organizational structure are that there are oblique lines formed by tissue points or weft points on the organization chart.
3. The surface of the fabric has a diagonal weave formed by long (or weft) floating lines. The tissue loop that constitutes the twill has at least 3 warp yarns and 3 weft yarns.
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