During the Mid-Autumn National Day, well-known jade culture scholar Ma Baozhong (study) and Taiwan jade expert Zhou Jinglun conducted in-depth exchanges and discussions on several important issues in the jade industry. With rich historical materials and examples, we have unified our understanding from history, market, theory, practice, responsibility, and mentality. We must have some inspiration for colleagues in the industry.
First, jade out of Yunnan, jade out of the interpretation
From the perspective of historical geography, the mineral resources of Jadeite Jadeite was once a territory of China and was under the jurisdiction of Yunnan Tengyue State. Despite the changes in history, today's territory resources belong to Myanmar, but the sayings of “Jade out of Yunnanâ€, “Jade out of the country†and “Yunnan is the birthplace of jade history and culture†have been screaming since ancient times.
Then, since the jade jade origin is the Burmese arch, why do you have the sayings of “Jade out of Yunnanâ€, “Jade out of the sea†and “Tengchong out of Jasperâ€? Mr. Zhang Hongjun, the pioneer of geosynthesis in China, recorded in his book "Shiya" a piece of the jadeite handle of the Zhou Dynasty collected by the collector of China, Mr. Luo Shuzhen, which was unearthed in Luoyang. The commentary in the article specifically emphasizes: "Zhou Cheng Wang Shi Yue Dang has been re-translated to offer. In the early Han Dynasty, when the southwestern dynasty repeatedly passed through China, it was not allowed to pass Zhou Han, and there must be nothing." "Yi Zhou Shu" also recorded "When you are in the business soup, the four princes are offering things, including the southwestern white plaques offering various treasures, jade, ivory, beautiful feathers and short dogs."
Whether it is the white shackles referred to in the "Yi Zhou Shu", or the southwestern Yi in the "Historical Records", the Yue Cheng of Zhou Cheng Wang Shi mentioned in "Shi Ya", and the records of later dynasties, From the perspective of geographical environment, the orientation should be in the southwestern Baiyi, that is, today's Tengchong in Yunnan, Myanmar found a region of jadeite jade.
Yunnan Tengchong, which is located in the intermediary, is a famous collection and distribution center of jade in history. Qianlong's "Teng Yue State Records" volume three: "Golden Jinjiang inside and outside, Wanbao scales, all from the Teng Yuejin. The former Ming, San Xuan six comfort, are subject to the life, and the more and more, and the ambiguous, quite Mo, å‹"The arch of Yunzhi, the food and food" said: "Tengchong out of the jade." As early as the Eastern Han Dynasty Yongyuan nine years, Yongchang å¾¼ å¾¼ 掸 掸 掸 è°ƒ è°ƒ è°ƒ è°ƒ è°ƒ è°ƒ é‡ é‡ é‡ é‡ é‡ é‡ é‡ é‡ é‡ é‡ é‡ é‡The emperor gave the golden seal purple. The country is now in the vicinity of the Burma. This shows that the jade produced has entered the mainland as a tribute from the Han Dynasty.
"滇海虞衡志" contains: "Jade out of the South Jinsha River, the past is owned by Tengyue." "Cloud Grass Co., Ltd." also clearly records: "The current Qingzhongye Jinsha River (referring to the Irrawaddy River) outside the support, arches, secrets , quite Mo, the Mubang, the shackles, the eight hundred daughter-in-laws, the large and small sacred places on the east and west of the Nujiang River are all in the province."
In 1885, the British invaded the Burma and occupied the Xiaojiang River basin. The local ethnic group and Li Wenxiu, the general of the Yueyu archery jade factory, and other leaders fought against them and fought bravely. Xue Fucheng, the ambassador to the UK, said: "The savage mountain, more than twenty-four degrees north of the equator, is not in Burma." When the Qing Dynasty signed a contract with the United Kingdom, although the vast territory was lost, the entire Xiaojiang River basin remained undecided in China. Within the territory of the map, it includes the å‹ arch jade factory.
During the Anti-Japanese War, Britain took the risk of China and unilaterally demarcated the 1941 line. After the Myanmar Treaty signed by China and Britain, it cut off about one-fifth of the land in Myanmar today. In January 1948, Myanmar became independent, and the government of the Chinese Civil War crisis was unable to intervene in the border affairs and unilaterally declared its undeclared sovereignty over northern Myanmar. In the early 1960s, the Chinese government acknowledged that the Burma was undecided and completely delineated its large tracts of land. It also included the treasures of the Yuwu River, the gemstone factory and the amber factory.
In the "Hundred Years of the Nujiang River", Mr. Luo Baoshi said: "The Chinese golden chicken map published before 1960, the southwestern part of the abdomen is full and round, and the map published after 1960 has a crescent-shaped gap, the equivalent of the area. China's Zhejiang Province, that is, the northern boundary of China and Burma formed at the end of the 19th century.
This is the meditation (Zen) and Jingpo (Keqin) of the ethnic group in the southwest of China since the Western Han Dynasty. The generations of the Han people have developed, recognized and summarized the wisdom and wisdom of the jade and jade culture for thousands of years. Historical facts.
A large number of historical materials have proved that the jade archite jade archery has been registered in the Ming Dynasty. After a hundred years of Qing Emperor Qianlong, it is still the territory of the provincial governor, governed by the state of Tengyue. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, this domain is the "Senior Guardian of the Guardian", "Shu Gong Xuan Wei Shi", "Man Mo An Fu Si" is a land. It was only the rise of the Burmese Dongwu dynasty, and the intervention of the British colonists. After the Qing Dynasty, the government was corrupt and incompetent. The vast land such as the arch was cut into the Burmese territory. The jadeite jade became the national treasure of Myanmar and became recognized by the world today. fact.
However, whether it is the history of the "Jade out of Yunnan", "Jade out of the Teng Yue" is a matter of course and has its basis. As the root of the jade jade, as a historical and cultural sovereignty theory of Yunnan, the Chinese should be remembered forever.
A large number of historical materials also prove that the era of jade discovery has existed in the Neolithic Age. The Zhou Dynasty and the Han Dynasty have been used as tributes to the Central Dynasty. In the Tang and Song Dynasties, there has been a further understanding of the mining and utilization of jade. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Due to large-scale mining, transportation, distribution, processing, and sales, the position and commercial value of the jade market have been created, which has made the reputation of Jadeite reach its peak and attracts the attention of the world. Therefore, the Ming and Qing Dynasties are a period of understanding and understanding the use of jade, and expanding the demand to form goods into the market to enhance the value, rather than the discovery period.
Second, the trace of the 5,000 Chinese jade merchants in the ancient city of Awa, Myanmar
In the ancient temple of Guanyin in the ancient city of Awa Amoruo, Myanmar, there is a white marble monument with the names of 5,000 Chinese jade merchants and jade workers, and records the Chinese people’s struggle to the jade factory in Myanmar. history.
In the book "Chinese in Southeast Asia" by modern British Bossier, it was recorded: "... China's large number of skilled workers who have extracted jade gems to Myanmar have greatly increased the production of jade gems in Myanmar. Mandalu, Myanmar. It is called the city of Jubao or the ancient city of Ava. It is called the capital of the dynasty dynasty. It is similar to the Qing Dynasty in China. On the stone monument of the ancient Chinese temple in the ancient city of Amo, the city of Awa, there are 5,000 Chinese jade merchants and The name of the jade worker."
In addition, the British Bering in the "Myanmar Jade Trade", the British residence in the "British occupation of Myanmar" have the same description. Li Genyuan, a veteran of the Republic of China, and Yin Mingde, a well-known diplomatic expert in the Republic of China, have conducted field investigations and transcripts on the above historical facts. It confirmed the authenticity of the existence of 5,000 Chinese jade merchant jade stone monuments in the ancient city of Ava.
In the 30 years since the reform and opening up, many history, overseas Chinese affairs, foreign trade, and jewellery scholars from Beijing, Yunnan, and Taiwan have conducted field investigations and visits to the inscriptions on the inscriptions in the past 13 times. This confirms the authoritative truth of the above historical facts. Sexuality and understanding confirmed that the 5,000 jade merchant jade stone monuments were destroyed by military personnel during the anti-China anti-China campaign in 1962, and the tragedy buried deep in the ancient tree group of the Awa Guanyin ancient temple site. These investigations and investigations included the commissioner of the Myanmar archaeological tourism department, the friends of the overseas Chinese community, and the local villagers' informed elderly people, and wrote detailed investigation reports to the world.
However, recently, there have been no studies on the origins of the literary history of the 5000 jade merchant jade stone monuments, nor to the field investigation and evidence collection, nor the arguments supported by the authoritative argument arguments, and the transcripts in the above-mentioned Chinese and foreign works. Shishi Da Kadava. This is very unfavorable for the discussion of normal academic research.
Need to say one more thing is that the inscriptions carved in the name of 5,000 jade merchants are built in 1773 (38 years of Qing Emperor Qianlong) and then burned three times in 1810, 1829 and 1837. . Today, the Guanyin Temple in Mandele, 30 kilometers away from the ancient city of Awa, was built in 1852 after the move of the King of Myanmar to Mandal.
Third, the correction of the six famous jade Ma Jiayu of Tengchong
Tengchong Merchants' "Yi Cheng Ji" business name is a well-known trade name of Tengchong from the 1920s to the late 1930s. It was founded in the Republic of China for 9 years. The founder is Ma Denggao and his teacher Wang Chengyu, and the shareholders who joined are Ma Buyun. Ma Denggao is 50% of the company's share capital, and Wang Juren and Ma Buyun account for another 50%.
Ma Jiayu, one of the six famous jade articles of Tengchong, which was handed down from the world, is a heavy four-ton jade that was purchased at the jade factory at the high price of 100,000 Burmese Shield in the 1930s. The best part of the texture is exquisite after unraveling. The water color is excellent, reaching the glass seedling green. Please fill the jade master to do more than 200 tablets of heart-shaped face, one hundred of which are used to supplement the principal of the firm, and the remaining one hundred are divided into 63 shares according to the share capital of Madden. The rest of the shares are distributed by shareholders such as Ma Buyun. Preface, all happy.
Dayu was born, and it rose soaring. It was a sensation in the rushing of the Burma. It made Ma Jiayu's name famous and left a good story in the history of the jade.
In fact, Ma Jiayu still has a little-known side. In addition to the big jade, there is also a hooded little jade, weighing about 6 kilograms, cut from it, the texture is white as glass, and a green and green belt runs through the whole stone. One of the points is the excellent material of the old pit green belt glass species encountered in the jade factory for hundreds of years. This stone is shared by Ma Denggao and Ma Buyun.
The third baby of Ma Jiayu is a blue water glass wool material that Ma Denggao got a lifetime of. He is about twenty-seven pounds of heavy stones. After peeling off the skin, from top to bottom, from left to right, from inside. There is nothing wrong with it. The color of the whole stone is like the blue water of the sea. It is like the fascinating blue flashing in the clear night sky. It is deep and beautiful, mysterious, crystal clear, flawless, and the treasure is flashing. Like the noble sapphire, but not the sapphire, but the real jadeite jade, can be described as unparalleled in the world, unique, known as the sapphire Denggao.
The story of Ma Jiayu, the six famous jade in Tengchong, which was circulated among the interviews, including the introduction of newspapers and periodicals, was mostly untrue or hearsay, and even did not know how to consult personally. At that time, Ma Jia Dayu was purchased by the “Yi Cheng Ji†business shareholder, not the personal behavior of Ma Buyun. Ma Buyun is only on behalf of the "Yi Cheng Ji" business, sitting in the town to buy business, his share capital only accounts for 20%. Therefore, the legendary pony official issued a large jade wealth, it is very one-sided. In fact, Ma Jiayu's households are actually Ma Denggao, Ma Buyun, Ma Shilu, Zhang Jiwen and so on. At that time, in the jade factory and the countryside, they said that they were the ones who were the king of the jade stone. They meant that they shared the Majia Dayu.
I have been digging jade in the jade factory and trading in jade business for ten years. The strength and popularity of Ma Denggao and Ma Buyun are in the mouth of the old man of Pagan. Erma is the biggest and most stylish shop in the most prosperous cross street in Pagan. The dam of Pagan was also donated by Ma Denggao and Ma Buyun.
What I am telling is the true statement and record of the descendants of the previous generations of Ma Jiayu's partners, and they are all first-hand pro-historical. The one-sided statement that was not perfect should be supplemented and restored to restore the truth. It is no longer possible to pass on rumors, misunderstand children, but also cause contradictions and dissatisfaction among future generations.
Fourth, who pushed up the price of jade and the bubble is high
From reform and opening up to recent years, in order to obtain maximum profits, the rules of the jade market have been disrupted by artificial speculation. The original normal and orderly pattern has long ceased to exist, and the jade wool finished products have risen tens of thousands of times. "The madman buys, the madman sells, and there are a few lunatics waiting" is the true portrayal of that period. The evil consequences of this vicious circle make the value of jade and the price seriously deviate.
At present, from the main domestic market to Taiwan and Hong Kong, the supply exceeds demand, extremely saturated, the stocks of enterprises are waiting to be shackled, the backlog is serious, the price is no market, the price is high, and the operation is disorderly, which is the reality of the market bubble. It makes the processing wholesale and retail enterprises unbearable, and the market and consumers suffer, and the market is revenge for artificial malicious speculation.
So, who pushed up the virtual height and bubble of the jadeite price? What factors have caused the winter of the jade market?
In addition to the adjustment of supply and demand, the blind injection of funds from outside channels, as well as the unbalanced mentality of the merchants getting rich overnight, hammering a golden doll, and the hype of some media that do not bear social responsibility.
Those so-called "experts and scholars brokers" who use all kinds of auras, in order to obtain the best interests of the black money, lose the rational bottom line of morality, can be exaggerated in the evaluation of physical pricing, making the price value system severely abnormal, malignant expansion, leading to The industry has followed suit and chased.
In addition, the economic downturn, strong anti-corruption, inflation, stock market downturn, and the decline in the level of social purchasing power consumption have all affected the direction of the jade market.
Recently, a figure counted by authoritative departments has surfaced: "The existing backlog of jadeite goods in China can be digested for more than 100 years. There are more than ten pieces of 1.3 billion Chinese people. China's jade consumption is seriously overdraft, from now on. In the case of the situation, whether the normal order of the market can be restored in the short term is still questioned."
In the face of reality, our merchants, players, jade carving people, consumers still have to deceive themselves, but also irrationally think about adjusting their mentality, how can we highlight the encirclement?
Buddhism: There is nothing in life, and the heart is the widest. Compared with the life of Jade's billions of years, compared with the innocent quality of jade, today's crazy pursuit seems to be only a glimpse of the cloud, only those who can truly understand the jade and jade can have all of them. Wealth, not just a beautiful stone.
Five, jadeite jade is only unprecedented, there is no end
The beauty of the stone is jade, and the king of jade is green.
The oriental charm displayed by Jade Emerald is an important part of the splendid culture of the Chinese nation and a brilliant achievement in the history of human art. Its origins are long-lasting, profound and profound, and perfect. Except for jade jade, no kind of art can last for such a long time and can cover such a vast space.
In the history of mankind, it is only the Chinese nation that turns jade into a culture and integrates into its spiritual world and traditional nation. The jade and jade accumulate the essence of the mountains and rivers, the beauty of humanity, comparable to people, can be a matter of things, can sacrifice the heavens and the earth, can be placed on the ideal, can be health care and evil spirits. The jadeite jade culture has had a tremendous impact on the spirit, will, morality and philosophy of the Chinese nation for thousands of years.
Confucianism recognizes that jade has eleven virtues: benevolence, righteousness, ritual, wisdom, faith, music, loyalty, heaven, earth, Taoism, and morality. The inheritance of jade and jade is not only culture, but also art, philosophy, and moral cultivation. Jade jade is a tangible wisdom crystal and an invisible spiritual field. She can wash people's hearts and purify humanity.
The jade jade itself is an artistic masterpiece that has been created for hundreds of millions of years. The world has to bow to her. The history of jade jade is ancient and profound, and it is a difficult book to read. Her knowledge is profound, mysterious, and deep. To decode the mystery of the jade, there is no end to learning, no end to homework, no end to learning, no sea of ​​learning.
It is our responsibility and mission to decode the history and culture of the sages that have been squandered by blood and tears and even life for thousands of years. In response to our predecessors and dedication to future generations, we are duty-bound.
There are no experts in the jade industry. From ancient times to today, no one dares to say that they understand the jade, all through. There are ancient people before, and those who come later, the jadeite jade is only unprecedented, there is no end.
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