Turquoise Tibetan culture

Turquoise has occupied an important position in Tibet since ancient times. It was used in the crown of the first Tibetan king, as a offering for the altar and as a gift from the Tibetan king to the high-ranking lama and a tribute to neighboring countries. Among the jewels worn by the Lhasa nobles in this century, gold and turquoise are still the main materials.

In many Asian societies, blue is considered auspicious, and many special powers are attributed to this blue or bluish gems. Some Tibetan societies believe that wearing a turquoise ring can bless the journey. Dreaming of turquoise means auspiciousness and the beginning of a new life. The turquoise that turns on the body turns green and is a sign of liver disease. It is also said that this shows the function of the turquoise sucking out the yellow scorpion virus.

Many Tibetans wear a turquoise necklace that is considered a soul on the neck. An ancient legend describes the relationship between turquoise and the soul: according to God's will, the Tibetan king's subjects are not allowed to throw any piece of turquoise into the river, because then the soul may leave his body and die.

Turquoise is often used as a bead. Dimensions range from 8 to 60 mm, either polished or honed. Turquoise can be a primary bead or washer on the rosary with the Buddha's sacred 108 beads.

Many Tibetan societies use turquoise for everyday hair accessories. Nomadic women combed their hair into 108 petals, which were decorated with turquoise and coral. For married women in southern Tibet, the turquoise beads on the hair are essential, and it expresses the wish for the husband's longevity. Not wearing any turquoise on the hair is considered disrespectful to the husband.

In the western Himalayas, turquoise and other valuable items are sewn directly on women's dresses or children's hats. Sometimes the front placket of the entire outer garment is decorated with metal sheets, shells, beads of various materials, buttons and turquoise. The ornaments on the child's hat also have a protective effect.

Most Tibetan women also wear necklaces of turquoise beading with other valuables such as coral, amber, pearl and jadeite. Men's accessories are more simplified. Usually, a few turquoise beads are used to string the coral around the neck, or a turquoise bead is attached to the earlobe. Women in Manang, northwestern Nepal, are proud to wear a 70mm long turquoise block with two coral beads on the side. Putting on this piece of jewelry, for the husband who goes out to do business, means being safe.

Amulet containers are an important jewel in Asia. Every Tibetan has one or several such containers to hold a written deed of religion. Protective objects such as cloth pieces or pocket religious figures cut from high-level lama clothes. The container can be a plain bag, but more of it is a carved gold and silver box with few turquoise decorations. Sometimes a moderately sized turquoise is placed in the middle, sometimes with many flawless turquoise and diamonds, rutile and emeralds uniquely placed on 24K gold ancestral objects. It is particularly worth mentioning that in Lhasa and central Tibet, a special type of body protector is popular: in the mandala (bodhisattva and the place where the statue is served), there are two cross-shaped squares of gold and silver. It is usually inlaid with turquoise on the entire box.

Any piece of jewellery in Tibet may contain turquoise. Turquoise is very common on 24K gold, silver or bronze and white copper rings. There is a very special ring in the shape of a typical "saddle", usually large, Tibetan men wear it on their hands or hair, and women like small rings.

No matter which Tibetan group, woman or man, they love the earlobe. The woman's earlobe is worn in pairs, while the man wears only one earlobe in the left ear. The earlobe worn by the nobles of Lhasa is daunting. A large earlobe made of gold, turquoise and pearl has been dragged from the ear to the chest. A flower-shaped earring worn by women in central Tibet on a grand occasion (called an "ear shield" may be more appropriate because these earrings are carefully placed in front of the ear and tied to the hair or on the hairline). The cloth has turquoise.

The above examples are just a few turquoise ornaments. There are also many accessories that are decorated with turquoise, such as drape and chain, bucket hooks, apron hooks, chest trim, back trim, hair accessories and metal garlands.

Although the turquoise in traditional jewelry in the Tibetan cultural district is still visible in daily life, the use of turquoise is declining, and many fine folk jewels enter the hands of alchemists or flow into the hands of Western collectors.

However, the cultural characteristics of Tibet are obvious, and their brilliant achievements have been revealed in many aspects, and the flame of immortality is still burning. Turquoise, as part of this cultural identity, is a hope for Tibetans, and the inevitable changes will still leave a place for the soul and beauty of Tibetan turquoise.

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