There are still five days to start school, and He Qiang (a pseudonym) is unable to do anything about the two children going to school.
He Qiang and his wife came to Beijing to work in Beijing from their hometown in Henan more than 10 years ago. Both children were born in Beijing. They are now studying at Zhiquan School in Dongsanqi Village, Beiqijia Town, Changping District, Beijing. At the beginning of July, Zhiquan School received a notice from the local village committee that the school buildings belonged to illegal buildings and needed to be retired.
"We heard about the demolition from the principal, and I don't know what to do now." When He Qiang said this, the younger son he was studying in the preschool seemed to have nothing to worry about, holding a small train toy in front of the school. play. His eldest son will be promoted to the sixth grade when he starts school. The young boy has already understood something, sitting on the chair at the school gate with several partners, and looking at the ruins of the playground from time to time.
For the migrant children's schools in Beijing, there will be a disaster every five or six years. In 2006, there was a “ban on storm†and in 2011 it was “centralized shutdownâ€. In 2017, they encountered a special action of “resolving and rectifying and promotingâ€, and the fate has already been determined: demolition and shutdown.
Immediately after the start of the school, parents asked: Where is the child going to school? School worries: Can you find new resettlement sites? In waiting and entanglement, some parents have chosen to send their children home.
Suddenly demolished, the school has nowhere to live
From the entrance of the village to the rubble of the school, the school gates and walls of Zhiquan School are hidden in the rubble, making it difficult to distinguish this is a school. Principal Jiang Yusheng said that in early July, the school had just been on the summer vacation, and the village committee of Dongsanqi Village informed the school through the landlord that the school was in need of retreat. On July 11, the water and electricity of Zhiquan School was stopped, and only one generator was rented to keep it running.
On August 1, the village committee proposed that the school should cooperate with the "demolition of a building outside the school." Jiang Yusheng recalled the scene at the time: "A small hook machine gave the school gate a hook, and then the excavator came in." In the ruins of the playground, you can see the computer and the broken basketball. “The ruins are classrooms and warehouses in the middle school, close to 400 square meters,†Jiang Yusheng said.
Zhiquan School has completed the enrollment of the new school year. It was originally planned to start at the end of August. After the demolition, the school submitted the materials to the Changping District Education Committee for solutions. Jiang Yu claimed that the Changping District Board of Education was also surprised by the demolition and promised to negotiate a resettlement plan with the seven cities and schools in Beiqijia on August 15.
(After the school gate was dismantled, the house number of Zhiquan School had no place to be placed. Fig./程å姣)
Zhiquan School was established in the fall of 2000, when there was only one classroom and 23 students. In 2004, it was officially approved by the Changping District Education Committee as a private school. The scale of development has reached 78,000 square meters.
During the 17 years of schooling, the school has undergone two demolition and relocation. Initially, the school was located near the government of Yuli Township in Chaoyang District, because the Olympic Games needed to be moved to Zhongtan Village, Dongxiaokou Town, Changping District. Jiang Yusheng said, "Before and after 2006, there were more than 1,200 students in the school, and there were two campuses in Zhongtan Village and Dongsanqi Village." The Zhongtan Village site was completely shut down in 2014, and now only A school site in Dongsanqi Village has nearly 700 students and more than 50 faculty members.
When I learned that the school was going to be demolished, many parents came to ask where the children should go to school. Jiang Yusheng is speechless: "I really don't know what to do. No one can tell me what to do. I am not sure about my own destiny. If I can't do it, I will go back to my hometown and change my business. It is very difficult to engage in the education industry. It’s almost gone.â€
From the beginning of July to the present, Qin Jijie, the founder of Zhiquan School, has been looking for a new campus, but it is not easy to find a place that can accommodate hundreds of teachers and students in a short period of time, and all aspects of fire safety compliance.
On August 15, the Changping District Education Committee helped Zhiquan School to find two resettlement sites, one in a nearby training school and the other in the vicinity of the Ming Tombs, 34 kilometers from the current campus. At present, Zhiquan School is negotiating with the training school about the rental. Jiang Yusheng said that the most important thing now is to let the children learn.
The school is gone, where do you go to school?
Also facing the demolition is the Heidi School in Jiugong Town, Daxing District. The school has nearly a thousand students, and the houses near the school have been demolished.
In 2017, Beijing’s special action for “resolving and remediation and promotion†required the city to demolish illegal construction of more than 40 million square meters. As the focus of the renovation of urban and rural areas, 100 municipal-level account-linked villages will be comprehensively rectified, and Jiugong Town is one of the second batch of remediation pilots.
The Daxing District Education Committee said that it will help Haidi School re-locate, and will register the children with the student status, ask whether to stay in Beijing, and then divert to other primary schools in the district. Students who do not have a student status will try their best to resettle. The Jiugong Town Education Committee and the Daxing District Education Committee promised to ensure that every child has a school before starting school on September 1.
For parents, it is undoubtedly the best choice for children to be diverted to public schools, but they also know, "We can't get in." In 2014, Beijing issued a policy that non-Beijing students need “five certificates†in primary and secondary schools in Beijing. Among them, only “social security†is difficult to live in.
After the gate of Zhiquan School was dismantled, He Qiang lent his dog to the school to watch the door. "A few days ago, I came in and broke a lot of things." Every day, facing the devastated school, He Qiang can only express Helpless, "Children were born in Beijing and have been studying at this school. The tuition is cheap here. We can't afford other private schools. The social security has not been paid for five years. We can't get in public schools."
He Qiang’s four-story bungalow is separated from the Zhiquan School by a wall. "In the past, this piece of people lived in a hundred households, collecting waste, selling vegetables, selling snacks, all of them live here, all for the convenience of children to go to school." Now these bungalows are also the object of demolition, and most of them have already moved. Only He Qiang and another family are still insisting.
He Qiang’s fellow Zhang Yun (pseudonym) made a decision earlier. On August 9, Zhang Yun came to the school to ask about the transfer. When he heard that the school was going to be demolished, he contacted a relative who was a teacher in his hometown. The other party told him that as long as he attended the school to issue a “transfer contact form,†the child could return to Xinyang to go to school.
Like He Qiang, Zhang Yun’s son was born in Beijing. He has been studying at Zhiquan School since his preschool class. He will be promoted to the second year of junior high school this year. "Children can go home when they go home, and there are grandparents at home. We go home to see him once a week." In Zhang Yun's opinion, his son's academic performance is not good, and he can go home with grandparents.
"We can't go back, the family is no longer, and the children are too small." He Qiang couldn't respond quickly like Zhang Yun. "Let's say that the family will have a few acres of land, and go home to farm to feed the children." Because the principal said The Education Commission and the town will give the school a reply, and he still has a glimmer of hope.
Shen Jinhua, president of the Pixin Concentric Experimental School in Jinyu Township, Chaoyang District, is not optimistic about the diversion of students. First of all, migrant children's schools are mostly solving the problem of migrant children going to school. Once they are diverted to schools far away from home, traffic and safety are worrying parents. If parents follow their children to move to a new school, existing work and habits will be affected. In addition, the need for children to re-adapt to integration in new schools is a challenge for both parents and schools.
According to the data of China Mobile Children's Education Blue Book, after the increase of Beijing's entrance threshold in 2014, the number of non-Beijing students enrolled in primary school was 55,200, of which 31,400 were migrant children, which was 1.97 less than that in 2013. 10,000 people and 18,700 people, a year-on-year decline of 26.25% and 37.28%.
(On August 15th, several students were playing at the gate of Zhiquan School. They still don't know where the new campus is.)
Difficult transformation attempt
Although Shen Jinhua, the president of the Concentric Experimental School, has not received a notice of closure, but the school is related to the future of the village, she is often worried and confused.
In 2003, the Beijing Workers' Home was preparing to establish a migrant children's school. The Workers' Home is a social organization that focuses on migrant workers. Two years later, the "Working Youth Art Troupe" released its first album "Working in the World is a Family", and founded a concentric school in Pi Village with a royalty of 75,000 yuan. Shen Jinhua, who graduated from China Women's College, was once an outstanding graduate of Beijing. During her time at the University, she has been volunteering for children's activities at the Workers' Home. She has been a principal since 2006.
Concentric schools offer pre-school to sixth-grade courses, recruiting students from Pi Village and surrounding communities. At most, there were more than 900 students, currently about 450. "There may be fewer starts in September, and there are fewer people in the village. Many parents are not working in Beijing, and students naturally go back." Shen Jinhua said. Located in Pi Village, outside the Fifth Ring Road in Beijing, the distance from the Capital Airport is less than 10 kilometers. Because of the frequent roaring of airplanes, most of the buildings in Pi Village do not exceed four floors. There are about 1,500 indigenous people in Pi Village, and the number of migrant workers has exceeded 20,000.
This summer, there are fewer students coming to the school to attend summer custody classes or work-study programs. A notice was posted on the playground, "40 plastic bottles can be exchanged for 2.5 yuan." Shen Jinhua said, "Although it is only a few dollars, the children are still very successful in making money."
Li Jing (pseudonym) and her brother in the fourth grade of elementary school came to the school almost every day. Their mothers worked in the cooperative women's cooperatives. The cooperatives sold hand-made products such as stitching cloth and cloth bags. Li Jing often helps to clean old jeans. The brother who is about to enter the second grade at the beginning of the school often sits on the threshold of the classroom and writes a summer vacation with a small bench. Shen Jinhua told the Caijing reporter that after Li Jing’s brother graduated from Tongxin School, he is now studying at Xinli School, another migrant school in Pi Village.
In June 2012, the four migrant children's schools, including the Tongxin School, received a notice of closure, and they did not have the qualifications for running a school. At that time, Tongxin School received solidarity from all walks of life. Cui Yongyuan and other six well-known people publicly wrote a letter to Minister of Education Yuan Guiren, calling for the preservation of concentric schools. In the end, the other three schools were shut down, and only the concentric schools were spared.
According to Shen Jinhua, from 2005 to 2006, the principal of the school was responsible for applying for the qualification of running a school. Finally, due to insufficient hardware conditions such as “having a 200-meter plastic trackâ€, it was unsuccessful. With the start of tightening management of migrant children's schools in Beijing in 2006, qualifications are increasingly unattainable for concentric schools. In Beijing, there are not a few schools with unqualified migrant children like the Heart School.
Shen Jinhua said that concentric schools do not need parents to submit “five cardsâ€, but they cannot provide students with school fees. In 2014, nearly 100 students from the school returned to their hometowns to study, and then returned to Beijing to continue their studies.
Although the school was lucky enough to weather the 2012 downturn. But in the next few years, Shen Jinhua’s heart has been hanging. “This semester does not know what the next semester looks like.†Due to lack of funds, it is difficult to find new resettlement sites once they are demolished. Therefore, schools are already considering how to transform.
According to Shen Jinhua, they tried to open a concentric pay shop in 2006. They wanted to generate a surplus through charity sales and more flexible education for children. However, due to the shortage of manpower, this model eventually died. Shen Jinhua has also made the worst plan. Once the migrant children’s school disappears, what should be done: “As long as the development of a city still requires a foreign labor force, then when these labor forces are stabilized, there will be a demand for children’s education. We may be able to do some general education services for children or do some public welfare projects."
Educational problems for migrant children
A large number of migrant children are unable to enroll in urban public schools, which has given birth to migrant children's schools. Their low cost, close proximity to migrant workers, and relatively flexible entry conditions have met the educational needs of migrant children. Jiang Yusheng believes that “the school for migrant children is a product of social development. I believe it will not exist for too long, but it does provide opportunities for children who cannot enter public schools.â€
According to the "Blue Book of China's Mobile Children's Education", there were 300 migrant children's schools in Beijing in 2006. According to the New Citizenship Program, as of 2014, there were 127 migrant children's schools in Beijing, which means that the number of such schools has decreased by more than half in eight years.
In recent years, Beijing has proposed an orderly solution to the functional requirements of Beijing's non-capital, and has repeatedly stated that it must strictly control the size, increment, and stock of the population. In March 2017, Beijing announced the city's master plan for the next 15 years, and plans to control the population to 23 million yuan after 2020.
In the special action of “resolving and rectifying and promoting†launched in Beijing this year, it is required to demolish illegal buildings, carry out “opening walls and holesâ€, and renovate urban and rural areas. Many schools for migrant workers in Changping District and Daxing District were located in the rectification and renovation zone of the urban-rural integration area, and were affected.
(On August 9th, the two families who had not moved away near the Zhiquan School, they are waiting for the notice of the school. Figure / Cheng Zikai)
Song Yingquan, an associate researcher at the China Institute of Educational Finance, Peking University, presided over a study. Since 2010, he has conducted a five-year follow-up survey of 50 migrant children in 10 districts and counties in Beijing, targeting 1866 junior high schools. Second grade student. It was found that less than 40% of the students in the high school were admitted to the university, and only 6% entered the university.
Song Yingquan also found that 85% of students hope to continue to attend high school after graduating from junior high school, and the actual results are far from the students' willingness. He believes that the quality of the education of migrant children's schools is not high overall, which makes some students lose interest in their studies too early, but what really makes this group lose their educational dreams is a series of institutional obstacles based on the household registration system.
In this regard, Shen Jinhua also said that some migrant workers believe that children only need to go to elementary school and enter public schools, and then they can continue to study high school or high school, and even enter the university to change their lives step by step. However, after 2014, many students are hesitant about their future because non-Beijing children cannot borrow from ordinary high schools in Beijing.
In Song Yingquan's view, the practices of Shanghai and Guangzhou were worth learning.
From 2008 to 2012, Shanghai opened a new public school to receive migrant children, and gave financial support to private schools to lower the entry threshold. Guangzhou provides a relaxed environment for migrant children's schools. “But after the State Council issued the household registration reform document in 2014, megacities began to strictly control the population. Whether household registration reform and urban planning and population control should be put together? This is debatable.†Song Yingquan said.
During the interview, Caijing reporter found that although many parents choose to let their children return to their hometown, the parents did not follow their children to return home.
According to Song Yingquan, studies have shown that the “reflow†experience has a negative impact on children, mainly in terms of poor academic performance, low reading ability, and relegation retention. In interpersonal relationships, returning children are more likely to suffer from school bullying or Become a perpetrator.
(The first issue of this article was published in the August 21, 2017 issue of Caijing magazine)
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