Song Dynasty five great kiln antique knowledge

The Yao Kiln Kiln is an official kiln set up during the late Song Dynasty when Emperor Huizong was established. It is less than 20 years before and after. The site of the kiln is located in Ganzhou, Henan Province (one said in Qingfeng Temple, Baofeng, Henan Province), hence its name.

The kiln is mainly made of celadon. Its glazes are powder blue, bean green, egg green, and shrimp green. The enamel porcelain carcass is thinner, the glaze layer is thicker, and it has a jade-like texture. The glaze has a very fine opening. The enamel porcelain was burned with nails, leaving tiny traces of nails at the bottom of the porcelain. The shape of the ancient bronze artifacts is mostly modeled, mainly washing, furnace, statue, etc. There are less than a hundred works in the handicrafts, so it is very precious.

The kiln is divided into an official kiln and a folk kiln.

The official kiln is the second official kiln built after the Emperor Huizong of the Song Dynasty. Yi kiln is widely distributed in Henan Song County (then known as Cangzhou), hence the name Ruan kiln. It is famous for baguai kiln and gong kiln in the county, and it is used to burn all kinds of imperial porcelain.

The enamel was fired twice and the first time it was burned. After the kiln was glazing, it was reburned twice. The glaze of enamel is a must-have, ever-changing, red, blue, green, white, and violet intermingling, Can Ruoyunxia, ​​the Song Dynasty poets once praised the "Sunset Purple Chui-Cheng-Cheng." This is because of the artistic effect caused by the incorporation of copper vapors in the firing process. This is a major invention on porcelain made in China and is called “kiln change”. Due to the thick enamel glaze layer, during the firing process, the glaze naturally flows to fill the cracks, and after the kiln has formed regular flow lines, it is very similar to the traces of the dragonfly crawling in the earth.

The kiln porcelain is mainly used for the needs of the Northern Song Dynasty "flower stone", and the flower pot is the most outstanding.

The Guan Kiln Kiln was built by Emperor Huizong during the period of the Song Dynasty.

The official kiln mainly burns celadon. During the Grand View Years, glazes were most popular in three colors: moonlight, pinkish green and big green. The official porcelain carcass is thicker, the azure is slightly pinkish in color, and the glaze is opened with a large pattern. This is because tires and glazes have different thermal expansion coefficients. Porcelain feet are unglazed, iron black after firing, thin glaze at the mouth, microscopic fetal bone, commonly known as "purple iron foot." This is a typical feature of the Northern Song Dynasty Guan Kiln porcelain. The Northern Song Guan Kiln Porcelain was rarely handed down and was very rare and expensive.

Ge'er Kiln Kiln is one of the five famous kilns in the south of the Song Dynasty. The exact kilns have not yet been discovered. The historical legend is that Zhang Shengyi and Zhang Sheng’s two brothers set up a kiln in each state and Longquan County on Liangzhe Road. The kiln built by his older brother is called “Gao Kiln”. The kiln built by his younger brother is called “diyao kiln” and is also called Kiln, Longquan kiln. Some experts believe that the handed down Gochang Kiln Porcelain was actually fired in the Xiasian Kiln in the Southern Song Dynasty.

The main feature of Ge Kiln is the cracking film with large and small rules on the glaze, commonly known as “Opening Piece” or “Wenwu Piece”. Small, such as the roe of fish called "fish pattern", opened the arc was called "crab claw pattern"; open the same size called "hundred pieces of garbage." The texture of the small pattern is golden yellow, and the texture of the large pattern is iron-black. Therefore, there is a saying of “gold wire”. Among them, the porcelain of the Northern Song Dynasty official kiln is a black tire and also has a "purple iron foot."

Geyao porcelain has thick and thin carcass. There are several types of glazes: pink, white and beige. Glazed luster, such as the skin's slight sweat, is the top grade. Shapes are washed, stoves, plates, and bowls.

The fixed kiln is one of the "five famous kilns" of the Song Dynasty and is a folk kiln. It was built in Tang and flourished in the Northern Song Dynasty. At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, it was burned for nearly seven hundred years. The kiln site is located in the Ciqi, Yanchuan and Lingshan Zhucun Towns in Quyang County, Hebei Province. The Tang Dynasty was Dingzhou and was called Ding Kiln.

Dingyao is mainly burned white porcelain. The porcelain is delicate, the quality is thin and light, and the glaze is moist and jade. Black glazes and sauce glazes are known as “black set” and “purple set”, and they are also unique, exquisite and elegant in shape. The patterns are varied, with the use of knife-typed flowers, needle-cutting embroidery, stunt-made "bamboo brush patterns," "tear traces," and so on.

In the unearthed kiln tiles, the words "officials" and "reserved foods" were found, indicating that some of the kiln's products were made by the government and courts.